Galasi lotentha
Galasi yotenthedwa kapena yolimba ndi mtundu wagalasi lotetezedwa lomwe limakonzedwa ndi mankhwala otenthetsera kapena opangira mankhwala kuti awonjezere mphamvu zake poyerekeza ndi galasi wamba.Kutentha kumapangitsa kuti kunja kugwedezeke ndipo mkati mwake mumakangana.Kupsinjika kotereku kumapangitsa galasi, litasweka, kusweka kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono m'malo mogawikana m'mizere yokhotakhota monga momwe galasi la mbale (aka annealed glass) limachitira.Zing'onozing'ono sizingavulaze.
Chifukwa cha chitetezo ndi mphamvu zake, magalasi otenthedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zovuta, kuphatikizapo mazenera a galimoto yonyamula anthu, zitseko za shawa, zitseko zamagalasi ndi matebulo, ma trays a firiji, zotetezera foni yam'manja, monga chigawo cha galasi lopanda zipolopolo, masks osambira, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbale ndi zophikira.
Katundu
Galasi yotenthetsera imakhala yamphamvu kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa magalasi a annealed ("okhazikika").Kupindika kwakukulu kwa wosanjikiza wamkati mkati mwa kupanga kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika pamwamba pa galasi molingana ndi kupsinjika kwamphamvu m'thupi la galasi.Galasi yokhuthala kwambiri ya 6-mm iyenera kukhala ndi kuponderezedwa pang'ono pamwamba kwa 69 MPa (10 000 psi) kapena kukanikiza m'mphepete kosachepera 67 MPa (9 700 psi).Kuti iwoneke ngati galasi lachitetezo, kupsinjika kwapamwamba kuyenera kupitilira 100 megapascals (15,000 psi).Chifukwa cha kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa pamwamba, ngati galasi lathyoledwa limangophwanyidwa m'zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zozungulira kusiyana ndi ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono.Chikhalidwe ichi chimapangitsa magalasi otenthedwa kukhala otetezeka pamakina othamanga kwambiri komanso otsimikizira kuphulika.
Ndi kupsinjika kwapamtunda kumeneku komwe kumapangitsa kuti galasi lozizira liwonjezere mphamvu.Izi zili choncho chifukwa galasi lotsekeka, lomwe limakhala lopanda kupsinjika kwamkati, nthawi zambiri limapanga ming'alu yapamtunda, ndipo pakapanda kupsinjika kwapamtunda, kukanikiza kulikonse komwe kumayikidwa pagalasi kumayambitsa kugwedezeka pamwamba, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kufalikira kwa ming'alu.Mng’aluyo ukangoyamba kufalikira, kukankhana kumaumiriranso kumapeto kwa mng’aluwo, kuchititsa kuti ng’anjoyo ifalikire pa liwiro la mawu a zinthuzo.Chifukwa chake, magalasi otsekedwa amakhala osalimba ndipo amasweka kukhala zidutswa zosakhazikika komanso zakuthwa.Kumbali ina, kupsinjika kwa galasi lotenthetsera kumakhala ndi cholakwika ndipo kumalepheretsa kufalikira kapena kukula kwake.
Kudula kapena kupera kulikonse kuyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe kutentha.Kudula, kugaya, ndi kuthwa kwamphamvu pambuyo pa kutentha kumapangitsa galasi kusweka.
Maonekedwe a zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha zimatha kuwonedwa poyang'ana kudzera pa polarizer ya kuwala, monga magalasi a dzuwa.
Ntchito
Galasi yotentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu, kukana kutentha, ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira.Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto okwera ali ndi zofunikira zonse zitatu.Popeza amasungidwa panja, amatha kutentha ndi kuzizira kosalekeza komanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa chaka chonse.Komanso, akuyenera kupirira zovuta zazing'ono zomwe zimachitika mumsewu monga miyala komanso ngozi zapamsewu.Chifukwa magalasi akulu, akuthwa amatha kuwonetsa ngozi yowonjezereka komanso yosavomerezeka kwa okwera, magalasi otenthedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akathyoka, zidutswazo zimakhala zosawoneka bwino komanso zopanda vuto.Chophimba chakutsogolo kapena chowongolera chakutsogolo chimapangidwa ndi magalasi opangidwa ndi laminated, omwe sangaphwanyike zidutswa akathyoka pomwe mazenera am'mbali ndi chakumbuyo chakumbuyo amakhala magalasi otenthedwa.
Zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tempered glass ndi izi:

• Zitseko za khonde
• Malo ochitira masewera
• Maiwe osambira
• Zomangamanga
• Zitseko za shawa ndi malo osambira
• Malo owonetsera ndi zowonetsera
• Kompyuta nsanja kapena zikopa

Zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga
Magalasi otenthetsera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'nyumba zochitira misonkhano yopanda furemu (monga zitseko zagalasi zopanda furemu), zodzaza ndi zinthu zina zilizonse zomwe zingakhale zoopsa ngati munthu angakhudzidwe.Makhodi omanga ku United States amafuna magalasi otenthedwa kapena opangidwa ndi laminated nthawi zingapo kuphatikiza ma skylights, pafupi ndi zitseko ndi masitepe, mazenera akulu, mazenera omwe amakhala pafupi ndi pansi, zitseko zotsetsereka, zikepe, mapanelo olowera ozimitsa moto, komanso pafupi ndi maiwe osambira.
Zogwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba
Magalasi otentha amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'nyumba.Mipando ina yapakhomo ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito magalasi otenthedwa ndi zitseko za shawa zopanda furemu, nsonga zatebulo zamagalasi, mashelefu agalasi, magalasi a kabati ndi magalasi opangira moto.
Utumiki wa chakudya
Mawu akuti “Rim-tempered” akusonyeza kuti malo ocheperako, monga ngati mkombero wa galasi kapena mbale, amakhala wofatsa ndipo ndiwotchuka popereka chakudya.Komabe, palinso opanga akatswiri omwe amapereka njira yothetsera zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zingabweretse phindu lowonjezereka mwa mphamvu ndi kukana kutenthedwa kwa kutentha.M'mayiko ena malondawa amatchulidwa m'malo omwe amafunikira kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito kapena amafunikira galasi lotetezedwa chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Magalasi otenthedwa awonanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu m'mabala ndi ma pubs, makamaka ku United Kingdom ndi Australia, kuteteza magalasi osweka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida.Zopangira magalasi otenthedwa zimatha kupezeka m'mahotela, mipiringidzo, ndi malo odyera kuti muchepetse kusweka ndikuwonjezera chitetezo.
Kuphika ndi kuphika
Mitundu ina ya galasi lotenthetsera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi kuphika.Opanga ndi mitundu akuphatikiza Glasslock, Pyrex, Corelle, ndi Arc International.Uwunso ndi mtundu wa galasi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitseko za uvuni.
Kupanga
Magalasi otenthedwa amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku galasi losungunuka pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa kutentha.Galasiyo imayikidwa patebulo lodzigudubuza, ndikulitengera m'ng'anjo yomwe imatenthetsa bwino kuposa kutentha kwake kwa 564 ° C (1,047 ° F) mpaka pafupifupi 620 ° C (1,148 ° F).Galasiyo imasungunuka mofulumira ndi mpweya wokakamiza pamene gawo lamkati limakhala lomasuka kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Njira ina yowonjezeretsa mankhwala imaphatikizapo kukakamiza galasi pamwamba pa 0.1 mm wandiweyani ndikukanikizana ndi ma ion a sodium mu galasi pamwamba pa galasi ndi ayoni a potaziyamu (omwe ndi 30% okulirapo), pomiza galasi mumadzi osambira. potaziyamu nitrate wosungunuka.Chemical toughening kumabweretsa kulimba kochulukira poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndipo kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zinthu zamagalasi zamawonekedwe ovuta.
Zoipa
Galasi yotenthetsera iyenera kudulidwa kukula kapena kukanikizidwa kuti ipangike isanatenthedwe, ndipo silingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ikapsa.Kupukuta m'mphepete kapena kubowola mabowo mu galasi kumachitika musanayambe kutentha.Chifukwa cha kupsyinjika koyenera kwa galasi, kuwonongeka kwa gawo lililonse pamapeto pake kumapangitsa kuti galasi liphwanyike kukhala zidutswa za tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Galasiyo imatha kusweka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa m'mphepete mwa galasi, pomwe kupsinjika kwamphamvu kumakhala kokulirapo, koma kusweka kumatha kuchitika ngati kugunda kwamphamvu pakati pa galasi la galasi kapena ngati kukhudzidwa kwakhazikika. (mwachitsanzo, kumenya galasi ndi mfundo yolimba).
Kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lotentha kumatha kuyika chiwopsezo chachitetezo nthawi zina chifukwa cha chizolowezi chagalasi kuti chiphwanyike pazovuta kwambiri m'malo mosiya ma shards pawindo.
Pamwamba pa galasi lopsa mtima amawonetsa mafunde apamwamba chifukwa chokhudzana ndi zodzigudubuza zokhazikika, ngati zapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi.Waviness iyi ndi vuto lalikulu popanga ma cell a solar.Magalasi oyandama angagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka mapepala okhotakhota otsika okhala ndi malo athyathyathya kwambiri komanso ofanana ngati njira ina yopangira glazing.
Zowonongeka za Nickel sulfide zimatha kuyambitsa kusweka kwagalasi kwakanthawi pambuyo popanga.